Jenis-jenis fotografi

Ada baiknya jika mengetahui beberapa tipe dari fotografi. Setiap fotografer pasti memiliki idealisme masing-masing, terfokus pada satu ketertarikan akan satu objek atau satu judul. Baiklah, sekarang saya mencoba berbagi sedikit info tentang jenis fotografi. Referensi dari beberapa artikel yang saya baca. Semoga bermanfaat buat para pembaca.

JENIS-JENIS FOTOGRAFI
Dalam dunia fotografi bayak terdapat jenis-jenis fotografi spesifik yang dapat kamu dalami sesuai dengan passion. Masing-masing jenis fotografi memiliki teknik dan skill yang berbeda.

1. Landscape Fotografi
Jika kamu mencintai fotografi dan memiliki kecenderungan untuk melihat-lihat pemandangan indah yang ada di sekitar kamu atau traveling ke tempat-tempat yang indah kemudian mengabadikanfoto alam tersebut. kamu pasti tertarik dengan landscape fotografi. Landscape fotografi banyak dicari oleh rumah media. Kamu dapat menemukan karya-karya landscape foto yang keren di “National Geographic”

2. Wildlife Fotografi
Genre fotografi yang berfokus pada hewan dan habitat alami mereka disebut fotografi satwa liar. Perilaku hewan di alam liar juga merupakan objek bagi wildlife photography. sebagian foto-foto ini dicetak dalam jurnal dan pemeran. Banyak orang berlatih jenis fotografi ini. Namun bukan hal yang mudah karena selain kamera yang canggih, lensa yang bagus, senter yang kuat, kamu juga membutuhkan kesabaran ekstra untuk membidik foto yang menawan.

3. Aerial Fotografi (Foto Udara)
Aerial fotografi adalah jenis fotografi di mana foto diambil dari udara dengan menggunakan pesawat, balon udara, parasut atau diambil dari atas gedung pencakar langit. Foto-foto ini memberikan tampilan yang lebih besar dari subjek dan latar belakang.

4. Sports Fotografi
Ini genre fotografi mengkhususkan diri dalam menangkap momen yang menentukan dalam sebuah acara olahraga.Fotografi oelahraga adalah salah satu jenis fotografi yang sulit, karena membutuhkan banyak latihan dan peralatan yang memadahi.

5. Potrait Fotografi
Salah satu jenis fotografi dengan umur paling tua adalah fotografi potrait. Fotografi potrait adalah segala hal mengenai menangkap suasana hati seseorang dengan penakanan ekspresi. Jenis ini tidak perlu menggunakan model profesional, bisa memotret anggota keluarga. Ada banyak cara untuk membuat hasil foto potrait yang menajubkan.

6. Architectural Fotografi
Fotografi arsitektur adalah fotografi yang berkaitan dengan mengambil foto sebuah struktur rumah atau bangunan dari sudut yang berbeda. Tujuan utama dari fotografi arsitektur adalah untuk menciptakan dampak positif pada pembeli potensial real estate.

7. Wedding /Event Fotografi
Dapat dikatakan bahwa para fotografer pendatang baru memulai karirnya dengan berlatih memotret acara pernikahan atau event fotografi. Tapi hal ini bukan berati bahwa wedding photography tidak memerlukan keterampilan apapun. Apabila sudah terjun dalam wedding fotografi maka harus memiliki kecakapan yang baik soal editing.

8. Fashion Fotografi
Fotografi fashion ialah memotret model dengan pencahayaan yang glamour dan juga selain model fotografer memotret item fashion seperti tas, baju, sepatu, aksesoris, atau make up. Fotografi jenis ini biasanya banyak digunakan dalam dunia periklanan dan majalah fashion.

9. Macro Fotografi
Fotografi makro adalah jenis fotografi di mana gambar dibidik dengan kisaran lebih dekat untuk menampilkan rincian materi subjek yang ingin ditonjolkan. Subyek yang menarik dari fotografi makro adalah bunga, serangga, teksture dari sweater, atau keranjang.

10) Baby/Family Fotografi
Fotografi Bayi / keluarga adalah jenis fotografi lain yang populer. Fotografi Bayi / keluarga dilakukan ketika keluarga biasanya baru saja mendapatkan bayi yang baru lahir. Ekspresi berbeda bayi bersamadengan anggota keluarga yang dibidik dalam fotografi jenis ini. Seluruh keluarga datang bersama-sama untuk membekukan satu sesi pemotretan yang dapat dilakukan secara indoor atau outdoor.

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Tokina 35mm Macro

Being one of the most expensive hobbies or professions, photography has become extremely accessible to the masses. When shopping for a wide angle lens, it's hard to find a quality product at an affordable price. Tokina has taken care of this dilemma; the Tokina 35mm macro lens is not only a tack-sharp lens, it's an extremely affordable one. From amateur to professional photographers, the Tokina 35mm f/2.8 macro lens pleases all. From the build quality to optical quality, almost all photographers will be able to enjoy what this lens has to offers. In terms of quality, this lens is a steal. The lens has a maximum f/2.8 aperture, and a minimum aperture of f/22. This aperture range is a beneficial feature for snapshots, family photos, and much more. Having such a great aperture range, this particular lens is good for taking photographs in a low light setting as well as everyday photography. Being a great combination of normal and macro lens, the Tokina 35mm macro makes it easy to control bokeh (out of focus blur) to achieve professional, artistic portrait pictures.

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Sigma 100-300 mm

The Sigma 100-300 has been in the market for a long time, and they were updated in 2005. The lens comes with a constant f/4 aperture and it was designed to fit the full frame DSLR sensors. The lens comes in a variety of body mounts and has a lens hood and a tripod mount.
The lens also comes with a new multilayer coating that offers a great color performance and at the same time reduces ghosting or flare created by reflections. By design, the Sigma 100-300 will also maintain a minimal light fall-off and ensure that the peripheral brightness is of superior quality. You should expect high optical performance, which is displayed all through the zoon range.
With the Sigma 100-300, you will not worry about aberrations because the two SLD glass elements in the front and rear of the lens enable optical corrections to offer superior quality all through the zoom range. The lens is also available with an inner focusing system, which is responsible for eliminating the rotation of the front element of the lens.
Users of the Sigma 100-300 will benefit from the smooth movement of the zoom and focus rings because they come with the right resistance levels. The rings are made of rubber and this makes it better to handle and easy to turn. The focusing ring will end in soft stops on the different spectrum of focus. Sigma 100-300 also comes with 150 degrees of turning fidelity, making it easier for the users to focus the lens manually. The filters attached to it will not rotate as the lens focuses. 

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Sigma 70-200mm

The Sigma 70-200 is a popular choice for many serious photographers because of the various features it comes with.  It comes with a constant aperture that will make it easier for people to capture photos in different situations. It is also good for taking pictures in lower ISO. This will come handy for shooting in and low light situation. This lens is great for action photography as well.
When it comes to color and contrast, the Sigma 70-200 is excellent. The creamy background blur is facilitated by the presence of the 9-blade apertures. The chromatic aberration is well controlled, but the flare is not so, especially in higher focal ranges. At the 200mm mark, you need to have the sun and other sources of bright light far out of their pictures so that they do not end up with flare that robs the photo of its contrast.
You will not have to worry about distortion when using the Sigma 70-200. The lens shows a little barrel distortion on wide end and pincushion distortion at 100mm, which increases as it reaches the 200mm focal length. When it comes to vignetting, there will be little shading from 135mm to 200mm when the lens is at f/2.8. This phenomenon is especially visible if you use it with full frame cameras.
In order to avoid such problems, it is important that you stop the Sigma 70-200 lens down one or two stops from the maximum aperture. The users will also benefit from the fast and silent autofocus thanks to the Hyper Sonic Motor (HSM). The HSM is not only crucial for internal focusing but also helps in internal zooming. The front element of the lens will not rotate, making it possible to use it with the petal shaped hood.

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Sigma 50-150mm

The Sigma 50-150 combines the focal length range, size and weight as well as the wide aperture from the more professional telephoto lens. It comes with a flat plane of sharp focus but with a slight curve or distortion at the wide end. It comes with the latest optical technology and offers the users a good correction for ghosting, flare and aberration thus assuring them of high quality images all through the zoom range.
While the flare is well controlled at the 50mm mark, it is at its best at the 150mm. For the focal length, the transition is linear. Users will start noticing a mild barrel distortion in the center of the frame when the Sigma 50-150 lens is at 50mm and pincushion distortion at 80mm and 150mm. It can be quite strong on those two focal lengths.
When it comes to chromatic aberration, it is noticeable at 100mm at the corners, although it is not present at 50mm and 70mm. It becomes even stronger at the 150mm mark. With the Sigma 50-150, users will also experience vignetting at the corners at 150mm. Fortunately, they can clear up all the shaded region by f/4 and f/5.6 for corners that are evenly lit.
The Sigma 50-150 also comes with nice physical features. It has the HSM mechanism that is suitable for internal and rear focusing mechanism. The AF is not only moderately fast but also quiet. Manual focusing will produce some squeaking noise, but it is not loud or significant at all.

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Sigma 18-200mm OS

The Sigma 18-200 OS comes with a 11x zoom range and an image stabilization feature that makes it a versatile tool, especially for those who want a travel lens. With this product, the users will be able to capture different focal lengths ranging from telephoto to wide angle.
It comes with two SLD glass elements and two hybrid aspherical lenses that will correct the different types of aberrations. The housing of the Sigma 18-200 OS is not only compact but also light in weight. It weighs 14.3 ounces and measures 70mm in diameter and 78.1mm in length. It also comes with a new lens coating that will not only reduce both flare and ghosting but also b ring about an optimum balance in color.
What makes the Sigma 18-200 OS different from its predecessor is the Optical Stabilizer function - a unique technology from Sigma. This system applies tow sensors that will detect the vertical and horizontal movement of the camera so that it compensates the camera shake. This makes it a great choice for those people looking to take great handheld shots. The users will be able to capture photos in low light conditions without using a tripod.
The optical performance of the Sigma 18-200 OS is facilitated by a special low dispersion (SLD) lens and 3 aspherical glass elements. They will correct the aberrations and offer high quality images across the zoom range.

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Sigma 18-200mm

The Sigma 18-200 is a high zoom ratio lens that was designed for the APS-C digital SLR cameras. It is capable for covering different types of focal lengths. The lens comes with two SLD glass elements and two aspherical lenses that will offer corrections to a variety of aberrations. This also allows this lens to be housed in a compact and lightweight construction measuring only 70mm in diameter, 78.1mm in length and 405g in weight. 
Similar to other lenses from sigma, the Sigma 18-200 comes with the new lens coating that reduces ghosting and flare - one of the problems that are popular in digital cameras. The coating will also create the best color balance. The maximum magnification of the lens is 1:4:4 while the minimum focusing distance is 45cm at all focal lengths.
The Sigma 18-200 design also features an inner focusing system, which limits the rotation of the front lens. This makes the product the best when it comes to using the petal-shaped lens hoods and polarizing filters. The overall lens' length does not change when the users are focusing, making it convenient to handle and easy to use. The users will not have any problems with zoom creep when transporting or traveling thanks to the zoom lock switch.

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Sigma 18-125mm

Sigma 18-125 comes with the unique Optical Stabilizer function, which makes use of two sensors inside the lens. It will detect the horizontal and vertical movement from the camera, and then moves the optical image-stabilizing lens to compensate for the camera shake. With this system, the users will benefit from shutter speeds that are approximately 4 stops lower than usual. With the OS, it is possible for the users to capture subjects in motion.
The Sigma 18-125 lens has been designed to be used with APS-C digital SLR cameras. It comes with a light plastic construction that is similar to most kit lenses. The lens comes with a minimum focusing distance of 35 cm at all focal lengths and a magnification ratio of 1:3:8, making it a suitable choice for close up photography.
The SLD glass, the molded glass aspherical lens and two hybrid aspherical lenses will provide an excellent correction for different types of aberration. Just like the other types of lenses from Sigma, Sigma 18-125 comes with a super multi layer coating to prevent ghosts and flares so you will get high quality images on all ranges.
On the Sigma 18-125 lens, the telephoto part of the lens is tight and does not have any imprecision at all. It has a zoom lock, although it is not necessary since the lens does not creep in any way. The build of this lens is solid.

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Sigma 24-70 HSM

Designed for the full frame cameras, the Sigma 24-70 HSM is becoming popular among many users. It comes with a focal length of 24mm and it comes on a compact construction. This design comes with an overall length of 94.7 cm and it is ideal for a number of situations ranging from landscapes, snapshots and portraits.
Like other Sigma lenses, the Sigma 24-70 HSM comes with a super multi layer coating that eliminates ghosting and flare and at the same time to offer high quality image. It also comes with Extraordinary Low Dispersion (ELD) glass elements and two SLD (Special Low Dispersion) glass elements as well as three aspherical lenses to offer correction on all aberrations.
With the Sigma 24-70 HSM, the superior quality performance is ensured all through the zoom range. With it the users will benefit from the quiet and high-speed autofocus as well as a smooth manual focusing. The lens has a minimum focusing distance of 38 mm as well as a magnification ratio of 1:5:3. It also comes with a diaphragm with 9 blades to create an attractive out of focus blur.
The users will also benefit from the sharpness and accuracy of the Sigma 24-70 HSM lens. The sharpness will be seen in all apertures and focal lengths. However, it will drop sharply at 70mm when it is wide open. The users can avoid this by stopping down to at least f/4 so that they get the best images.

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Sigma 18-50

The Sigma 18-50 comes with a large aperture zoom and it is specifically designed for digital SLR cameras with at least 20 cm of focusing distance. This makes it a great choice for close up photography. This lens combines the hybrid aspherical lens technology with the glass mold one to offer high quality images, peripheral brightness and a compact structure.
In terms of sharpness, the Sigma 18-50 comes with a sharp image quality at different focal lengths. However, the sharpness will lower when you open up the lens to f/2.8, especially at the corners. For this reason, you should stop down to f/4 in order to bring the sharpness in focus. The sharpness gets better to about f/11, but after that it starts to decrease because of diffraction. At f/22, the images are not as sharp, and it is even worse as compared to when the Sigma 18-50 lens is put on wide open.
The focal length of the Sigma 18-50 will keep the image quality under strict control. The users will also benefit from the macro feature which allows the users to get very close to the subject. Some of other benefits they will enjoy include the lightweight and small size of the unit, which allows them carry it without any problem.
The users will also enjoy a correction of the color aberration, thanks to the presence of the SLD (Special Low Dispersion) and ELD (Extraordinary Low Dispersion) glass. It also comes with a multi layer coating that is characteristic of most Sigma lenses. The coating on the Sigma 18-50 will help in the reduction of flare and ghosting, making sure that the images are of high quality.  The two aspherical glass elements will also help in the correction of distortion, allowing users get the best photos.

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Sigma 17-70 OS

The Sigma 17-70 OS is a new version of the Sigma 17-70mm. It has been designed for different DSLR cameras and those photographers who are looking to enjoy the benefits of an extra zoom and extra apertures. This new version will provide the elements that were absent in the older version, including the OS and HSM motor.
The buyers will enjoy the F2.8 aperture of Sigma 17-70 OS because it can be used in different situations such as macro, portraits, general photography as well as sports. The aperture has also made it possible for the users to engage in hand held photography throughout the zoom range and at high auto focus speed. Those who love close up photography will also benefit from Sigma 17-70 OS because of the focusing distance that comes with a minimum of 22cm and a maximum magnification 1:2:7 ratios.
The Optical Stabilizer (OS) function provides users with shutter speeds that are almost 4 stops slower than would usually possible. The Sigma 17-70 OS also comes with three aspherical lenses and a single Extraordinary Low Dispersion (ELD) glass element that will provide corrections to different types of aberrations. This assures the users of high quality image all through the zoom range.
Just like other types of lenses from Sigma, Sigma 17-70 OS comes with a super multi layer coating that will decrease ghosting and flare, and at the same time offer images with high contrast. Apart from that, it comes with HSM, which will ensure a high speed and quiet Auto focus. The outstanding thing in this lens is the rounded 7 blade diaphragm, which causes an attractive blur to the image areas that are out of focus.
When it comes to vignetting, the buyers of the Sigma 17-70 OS will experience some of at the widest apertures. In order to avoid this, they need to get down one stop at the every focal length. Chromatic aberration is well controlled and the users can ignore the focal length and apertures.  Users will also enjoy a smooth operation when it comes to manual focusing. The focus ring will rotate during autofocus. The polarizing filter will not be a problem because the front lens will not rotate.
When it comes to the build, this lens is decent and better to handle.  It is good for different types of situations because of the fast and silent autofocus as well as the great OS performance of the Sigma 17-70 OS.

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The Tokina 50-135 lens has a high quality build and construction

The Tokina 50-135mm F 2.8 AT-X 535 PRO DX or simply known as the Tokina 50-135 lens has a high quality build and construction. The casing is all metal and has extraordinary fit and finish. This particular lens is cheaper than its counterparts and has many advantages as well. It features many elements and is a good lens for moderate to large focal range. This particular lens is also lighter and more compact than its competitors in the market.

As far as the aperture is concerned, is very fast and constant at f/2.8. The lens incorporated SD elements which compensates the chromatic aberrations. Chromatic aberrations are a big concern for photographers and Tokina have addressed that issue with this Tokina 50-135 lens as they have used SD technology which reduces the chromatic aberrations. The SD feature not only reduces the chromatic aberrations but also it makes the lens produces sharp and high contrast images. The quality of the image is quite high and optical quality this lens is commendable.

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Canon EF 50mm lens is lightweight

People like a variety of things, specifically when it comes to their camera, along with its lens. Although everyone doesn't need a standard zoom lens, many individuals would like to have a fixed focal length lens. Continue reading to learn more about the Canon EF 50mm lens, a top choice when it comes to lenses for cameras. The Canon EF 50mm lens is lightweight, inexpensive and has a fast f/1.8 aperture. Individuals who are looking for a zoom lens with a fixed focal length will appreciate the quality of this lens. With a weight of only 4.6 ounces, this EF lens is Canon's lightest, but it gives a sharp performance because of its classic Gauss-type optical design. Because of this, the lens creates images that bear resemblance to how the eyes see an object. If you want natural depth for images or portraits, this lens is superior. It is possible to take extreme close-ups, as this lens will focus as close as 18 inches. This standard zoom lens balances color wonderfully and has a one-year warranty from Canon. Almost all customers have been pleased with this standard zoom lens, with some very positive reviews and some that were not as good. This appears to vary with what the buyer expected from the zoom lens. In some instances, the customer expected more after browsing the reason of the lens. Other products which exaggerate what their product is able to do, are deserving of having unhappy customers. This lens generally seems to do what it says for many people. Several customers were not satisfied that the housing was totally made of plastic materials.

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Macro lenses

If you are interested in doing really close up photography, or macro photography, of things like beautiful flowers, interesting insects or any other object that you want to get extremely close to, you will need the assistance of a macro lens. These lenses are extremely specialized and designed only for very close up photography. These types of lenses are often used for marketing, nature shots, science shots as well as medical photography. Most of the macro lenses will have a 1-1 framing ration, this means, that everything that is the frame is its actual size. The most common subjects found in these kinds of shots are generally creatures or some sort of objects that are very visually interesting or intriguing and are usually overlooked if viewing them with the naked eye. Using this kind of lens will take practice but, if you try to follow the few rules listed below, it should help you develop your own technique. You should choose a macro lens that is going to fit your personal photography needs. Just like any lens, the macro lens comes in a variety of different focal lengths. Those lenses that are 50 mm and 60 mm with fixed focal lengths will capture much wider angles than those that are 100 mm or 300 mm. If you are in need of highly controlled situations like a food item or product photography then a wide macro lens is going to do the job. The longer macro lenses are far better for the less controlled shots where you need to keep some distance.

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Tokina AT-X 16.5-135mm f/3.5-5.6 DX

'Tokina AT-X 16.5-135mm f/3.5-5.6 DX'

Tokina’s 16.5-135mm zoom might be the only lens that some users ever need. Its 8x zoom range is impressive in its own right but even more so taking into account the 16.5mm wideangle starting point. The lens is also usefully compact although it has a significant mass and may start to feel heavy on a long trek.

The front half of the lens barrel is home to manual-focus ring, which is enabled on the camera body rather than on the lens itself. The ring has a light touch and a very short throw of only about 30; it is complemented by a focused-distance scale but there are no depth-of-field markings.

The rear half of the lens barrel is filed with a generously-wide zoom ring that, on the review sample, felt rather stiff. Extending the lens to its maximum focal length approximately double its overall length. There’s reversible, petal-type lens hood but there is no image stabilization system, which would be useful at longer focal lengths.

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Sony 20mm f/2.8

'Sony 20mm f/2.8'

Sony’s 20mm f/2.8 lens has been around for some time. Curiously, Sony’s website says that the lens has a focus-lock and a focus-limiter but in fact neither of these features is provided (nor necessary) on this lens.

This is a cleanly-designed lens with a super-sleek appearance. The manual-focus ring is tucked away on the flared flange at the front of the lens but can be easily located when required. This is important because the manual-focus ring rotates in AF mode so needs to be kept unobstructed when it is not being deliberately deployed.

A generous focused-distance window fills the main part of the lens barrel and is accompanied by full-frame depth-of-field markings. And that’s it: there are no switches, sliders or push-buttons. Changing between AF and MF modes is carried out focusing  a switch on the most on the host camera body, not on the lens itself.

A petal-type lens hood is included and can be reversed for storage. A soft drawstring pouch is also provided: this is slightly on the large side but it protects the lens from dust and knocks when it is being carried in a jacket pocket rather than a bespoke camera bag.

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SIX MOST FAVOURITE of LENS

1.       Fixed Focal Length

Fixed lenses offer some advantages over zoom. They’re generally smaller and lighter, with wider maximum apertures and superior image quality. An ultra-fast (eg f/1.8) 50mm lens is perfect for low light, 85-105mm is ideal for portrait, while a fast 300m (or longer) tele is a popular addition to any wildlife or sports shooter’s kit.

2.       TELEPHOTO ZOOM

Telephotos make subjects seem closer. They’re great for sport and wildlife, while short teles are good for portraits. Telephotos magnify camera shake, so consider one with Image Stabilisation if your camera doesn’t already have it, or buy one with a wide maximum aperture.

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Nikon AF-S 50mm f/1.8G

'Nikon AF-S 50mm f/1.8G'

There was a time when almost every 35mm film camera came with a 50mm prime (fixed focal-length) lens because on a full-frame camera, the 50mm focal length captures roughly the same angle-of-view as is seen by the human eye. Today, 50mm primes have two further appeals; they provide a good focal-length for portraiture on APS-C digital cameras and they often have a very wide maximum aperture with which to exploit creative focusing techniques.

Nikon's G-series 50mm f/1.8 lens is an excellent example of its type and feature the same deeply-recessed front element design that has been seen on Nikon's standard primes for decades. The front half of the barrel is given over to a manual focusing-mode switch. When AF operation is set, manual intervention can be applied at any time. The feel of the manual-focusing ring is excellent, with a silky movement and just the right amount of resistance over an approximately 100 throw.

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Lenses

'Lenses'

A DSLR or micro System camera is hugely affected by the lens attached to the front, as the light hitting the sensor impact focus, exposure and image quality. Be sure to do some research here before you purchase.

Lens Mounts

Each camera manufacturer has their own lens and most aren’t compatible with one another. If you own a Canon DSLR, for example, you can’t used Nikon lenses, though you can use independent brands such as Sigma, Tamron and Tokina – if you get them in the right mount. In the Micro System ranges Panasonic and Olympus lenses are interchangeable, and as Sony took over Minolta a few years ago any lenses from the older 35mm system may well work.

Magnification Factor

If you’re migrating from 35mm SLR, your lenses won’t provide the same field of view on a DSLR unless you have a ‘full-frame’ model such as a Canon 5D Mark II. Otherwise, for Nikon, Pentax and Sony DSLRs, magnify the focal length by 1.5x to get the 35mm equivalent.

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Lens Advice

'Lens Advice'

If you want to get up really close to your subject, then you're going to need a telephoto lens. Bundled kit lenses that come with most DSLRs and CSCs are great for most subject, but don't provide enough reach when it comes to the majority of action subjects.

A good starting point is either a 55-200mm or 70-300mm telephoto zoom. On a DSLR with an APS-C sized sensor, there will give you 35mm focal length equivalents of 82.5-300mm and 105-540mm respectively, which should get you close enough for most subjects.

These lenses won't break the bank either - Sigma's 70-300mm f/4-5.6 Macro DG lens, though there's no built-in anti- shake system, while Tamron offer a 70-300mm f/4-5.6 Di LD Macro for pretty much the same asking price. Pay slightly mire and there' the excellent Canon EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS, which does include Canon's Images Stabilizer (IS) anti-shake technology; while the Nikon 55-300mm f/4.5-5.6G AF-S DX VR zoom, features Vibration Reduction (VR0 technology to combat camera shake.

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